Prostitution
Series:
The International Library of Criminology, Criminal Justice and Penology
Authors:
Roger Matthews, Middlesex University, UK and Maggie O'Neill,
Staffordshire University, UK
ISBN: 0 7546 2189 8
Publishers Ashgate
Price: UK £110, Hardback, Available in Hardback only
Publication Date: 03/2003
Publisher’s Description of the Book
The
widely held contention that prostitution is the 'oldest profession' has served
to militate against a proper investigation of its changing nature, meaning and
significance
over time. In response to this, this volume examines the many facets of
prostitution looking in particular at its history, sociology, politics and
regulation.
Contents:
The
History of Prostitution:
Alain
Corbin (1990) The Regulationist Argument;
Bracebridge
Hemynge (1967) Prostitution in London;
Edward
J. Bristow (1977) Social Purity and Prostitution;
Judith
Walkowitz (1977) The Making of an Outcast Group;
Prostitutes
and Working Women in Nineteenth -Century Plymouth and Southampton.
The
Sociology of Prostitution:
Kingsley
Davis (1937) The Sociology of Prostitution;
Mary
McIntosh (1978) Who Needs Prostitutes? The Ideology of
Male
Sexual Needs;
Eileen
McLeod (1982) Prostitutes' Working Conditions;
Julia
O'Connell Davidson (1998) Eroticizing Prostitute Use;
Joanna
Pheonix (2000) Prostitute Identities: Men, Money and
Violence;
Ian
Shaw and Ian Butler (1998) Understanding Young People and
Prostitution:
A Foundation for Practice?.
The
Politics of Prostitution:
Valerie
Jenness (1990) From Sex as Sin to Sex as Work: COYOTE
and
the Reorganization of Prostitution as a Social Problem;
Ronald
Weitzer (1991) Prostitutes' Rights in the United
States:
The Failure of a Movement;
Phil
Hubbard (1998) Sexuality, Immorality and the City:
Red-Light
Districts and the Marginalization of Female Street
Prostitutes;
Maggie
O'Neill (2001) Feminism(s) and Prostitution;
Lars
O. Ericsson (1980) Charges Against Prostitution: An
Attempt
at a Philosophical Assessment;
Carole
Pateman (1988) What's Wrong With Prostitution?;
Kathleen
L. Barry (1988) Female Sexual Slavery: The Problem,
Policies
and Cause of Feminist Action.
The
Regulation of Prostitution:
Alison
Diduck and William Wilson (1997) Prostitutes and
Persons;
Roger
Matthews (1986) Beyond Wolfenden? Prostitution, Politics
and
the Law;
Jackie
West (2000) Prostitution: Collectives and the Politics
of
Regulation;
John
Lowman (1992) Street Prostitution Control: Some Canadian
Reflections
on the Finsbury Park Experience;
Roger
Matthews (1992) Regulating Street Prostitution and Kerb-Crawling: A Reply to
John Lowman;
John
Lowman (1992) Correspondence: Against Street
Prostitution;
Neil
McKeganey and Marina Barnard (1996) Prostitution and
HIV/AIDS;
Cecile
Høigård and Liv Finstad (1992) The Fight Against
Prostitution;
Name
index.
Tackling Militant Racism
Author: Peter Jepson
ISBN: 0754621634
Publishers Ashgate Publishing Limited
Price: £50 RRP UK Hardback
Publication
Date: Feb 2003
Militant
racism is concerned with antagonism and hostility associated with racist
activity. Within a society it is expressed by material that may stir up racial
hatred and/or discrimination. It can also be seen on the streets and, indeed,
the alleged racist criminality orchestrated by militant gangs. After examining
the possible causes of militant racism and its effects, this book considers the
new laws designed to tackle racially-motivated crime found in the 1998 Crime
and Disorder Act. A central theme of the book is the balance between freedom of
expression and penalizing racially-offensive expression.
An Example from the book
"These Racist Thugs Will Never Stop Me
Teaching"
The thing Alison Moore remembers most
vividly before losing consciousness is the final insult. As a group of four
teenagers kicked and punched her senseless, amid fits of cackling, they
screamed at her 'Black bitch'.
She cannot guess how long the attack lasted,
but when she woke up she realised her attackers had left her under a hedge.
The
first sensation she felt was excruciating pain. Most of the blows had come from
behind her as she hunched forward to try and protect her face. She then
realised that she could not move her legs. Although dazed, she managed to use
her mobile phone to raise the alarm.
Miss
Moore, 30, suffered cracked ribs, internal bleeding and severe bruising. She
spent six days in hospital and even now walks with a limp.
The
teacher, who has a six-year old daughter, at first thought the attack at
Sandhurst Junior School, in Catford, south-east London, was just a matter of
bad luck.
But
10 days later she was forced to revise her thinking. `I was on my own at home
one evening and I heard the letterbox open. I thought it was a circular. When I
went to look at it I realised it was a death threat, telling me not to go back
to school. It really frightened me.
I
didn't know if the attackers knew I was the only black teacher in the school
and had been waiting for me. It was also possible that someone had read about
the attack in the local newspaper and was making mischief.'
The
police did what they could to make her flat secure. Locks were installed, and a
panic alarm was fitted and linked directly to the local police station. But on
March 13th her tormentors struck again. ‘I had difficulty getting to sleep and
went upstairs to take some medication. As I opened my kitchen door, I saw a man
wearing a balaclava and gloves who had forced open my kitchen window and was
trying to come in. The thing that frightened me was that he must have heard me
entering the kitchen but he just stood there to make sure that I saw him. He
was trying to instil fear in me.' The police arrived quickly and searched the
area with tracker dogs. They failed to catch the intruder or his accomplice but
they did find their handiwork - a collection of swastikas and National Front
logos which had been daubed on the door.
After
each incident, Miss Moore had denounced her abusers and had voiced her
determination to stay, but a further incident last week proved too much. `A
local reporter told me he had just received a telephone call from someone who
said they were going to "do me in" that night. That evening the
police came to the flat and stayed with me until I had left.'
Miss
Moore hopes her abusers will be unable to trace her new home but nevertheless
intends to return to school as soon as she is physically able. Her mother,
Olga, and her great-aunts were teachers and she says it is a family tradition
she intends to maintain.
‘I'll
be scared to go back to school. The thought of whatever else might happen
petrifies me, but I love my job. I would be unhappy elsewhere. I feel like I'm
running away from my home but I couldn't live if I ran away from my job as
well.'
Doctors
have told her she may make a full recovery but Miss Moore says it is unlikely
that she will ever be the same. `I was an outgoing person but these days I get
very tearful. I'm very nervous, even when the telephone rings. I find it hard
to deal with it all.'
`I
realise that the people responsible for all this are a minority. My friends are
all nationalities. I don't look at colour. I look at who people are and I think
others should do the same.'
These
harrowing words give an example of militant racism in the last decades of the
twentieth century. This form of militant racism may not be regarded as fully
typical, because the threat of murder and the need for police protection
suggests the nature of the racism is more extreme than the average incident of
racial harassment or violence.
Obviously,
there are existing criminal laws that can deal with many forms of militant
racism - especially when it takes its form in harassment or violence. If we
examine this story concerning Alison Moore, a few obvious basic criminal
offences spring to mind.
1 The attack by four teenagers on Alison Moore can be
classified as a common assault and battery. This can result in up to six
months' imprisonment and/ or a fine - i.e. assuming that the necessary actus
reus and mens rears is established.
2 It is also possible that, as per section 47 of the Offences
Against the Person Act 1861, charges could be brought for an assault
occasioning actual bodily harm - with
an outcome of up to five years imprisonment should guilt be established.
3 The daubing of swastikas and National Front logos on the
door of Alison Moore constitutes an offence under section 1 of the Criminal
Damage Act 1971. This carries a sentence maximum of imprisonment of up to 10
years, but in practice usually involves a fine for such limited damage to
property.
4 There is also some evidence of intentional harassment, which
could establish grounds for an offence under Section 4a of the Public Order Act
1986. This carries a period of 6 months imprisonment and/or a fine.
5 The threat to the life of Alison Moore could (if the
evidence justified which it does not seem to) result in charges being brought
in relation to the offence of threatening to kill - resulting in up to 10 years
imprisonment.
While
these basic offences may reflect established criminal charges, there is also a
possibility that under the new Crime and Disorder Act 1998 additional/
alternative charges could be brought for racially aggravated common assault,
racially aggravated actual bodily harm, racially aggravated intentional
harassment, and/or racist criminal damage. Indeed, these secondary offences
could be associated with and brought alongside the basic offence and, if
proved, would result in enhanced sentencing for racist crime.
End of extract from the book
I always believed in charging all persons involved
in assaults, during my service (60, 70, 80s) a common assault was often an option, the charge would read,
Common assault with no bodily harm, contrary to
Section 47, Offences Against the Person Act 1861.
Some of the Old Assault charges read as follows:-
ASSAULTS-Common assault
That you did assault and beat (or assault).........
...(specify person). contrary to Section 42, Offences Against the Person Act
1861.
ASSAULTS-Common assault with no bodily harm. That you did assault ..................
(specify person), contrary to Section 47, Offences Against the Person Act 1861.
34. ASSAULTS--Constable, assaulting
That you did assault ............... ...(specify
officer), a constable of the.................. Police Force (or Constabularv)
in the execution of his duty, contrary_ to Section 5 1(1) Police Act 1964.
ASSAULTS-Occasioning actual bodily harm (A. O.)
That you did assault
.................. (specify person)
thereby occasioning him actual bodily harm. Contrary to Section 47, Offences
Against the Person Act.
Rob Jerrard
International Law and Indigenous Peoples
Series: The Library of Essays in
International Law
Author:
S. James Anaya
ISBN: 0754621626
Publishers
Ashgate (Dartmouth)
Price:RRP UK £110.00
Publication
Date: Feb 2003
One of the most dynamic areas of international law today concerns the rights and status of indigenous peoples. Within the contemporary discourse of international law, the term indigenous is now commonly used in association with a particular class of culturally distinctive groups together with the problems they face; problems that are legacies of historical patterns of invasion and colonization. The essays in this volume
have been assembled to promote understanding about the relation of international law to the claims and aspirations that indigenous peoples have posited in the
international arena today.
Contents:
Historical Antecedents and Their
Contemporary Significance:
G.C. Marks (1992) Indigenous Peoples in
International Law: The
Significance of Francisco de Vitoria and
Bartolomé de las
Casas;
Douglas Sanders (1983) The Re-emergence of
Indigenous
Questions in International Law.
The Argument for Recognition of Indigenous
Sovereignty on the
Basis of Established Modern Principles:
Darlene M. Johnston (1986) The Quest of the
Six Nations
Confederacy for Self-Determination;
John Howard Clinebell and Jim Thomson
(1978) Sovereignty and
Self-Determination: The Rights of Native
Americans under
International Law.
The Dynamics and Challenges of the
Contemporary International
Indigenous Rights Movement:
Robert A. Williams, Jr. (1990) Encounters
on the Frontiers of
International Human Rights Law: Redefining
the Terms of
Indigenous Peoples' Survival in the World;
Benedict Kingsbury (1998) "Indigenous
Peoples" in
International Law: A Constructivist
Approach to the Asian
Controversy.
The Emergence and Contours of a New
Indigenous Rights Regime:
Siegfried Wiessner (1999) Rights and Status
of Indigenous
Peoples: A Global Comparative and
International Legal
Analysis;
Lee Swepston (1990) A New Step in the
International Law on
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples: ILO
Convention No. 169 of 1989;
Erica-Irene A. Daes (1993) Some
Considerations on the Right of
Indigenous Peoples to Self-Determination.
Invoking the Contemporary Indigenous Rights
Regime - Two
Examples:
Gillian Triggs (1999) Australia's
Indigenous Peoples and
International Law: Validity of the Native
Title Amendment Act
1998 (CTH);
S. James Anaya (1994) The Native Hawaiian
People and
International Human Rights Law: Toward a
Remedy for Past and
Continuing Wrongs;
Reviewer
Wanted
Would you be interested in
reviewing this book? (The Book Above) If you are interested in providing a review in about 600/800 words within 3 months then please contact me by e-mail at robjerrard@aol.com providing a small CV and your interest in this particular book.
For an indication of what is required please see this site, which contains hundreds of examples. "Internet Law book Reviews" welcomes all categories of reviewers.
Collective
Security Law
Series: The Library of Essays in
International Law
Author:
Nigel D. White, University of Nottingham,
UK
ISBN: 0754622355
Publishers
Ashgate (Dartmouth)
Price: RRP UK £120
Publication Date: Jan 2003
Number
of Pages: 616 pages
Binding Options: Available in Hardback only
British Library Reference: 341.7'2
Library of Congress Reference: 2001099644
We may have witnessed the partial erosion
of the classical view that the international legal system is horizontal and consensual, but to argue that legal regulation can occur in relation to the ultimate expression of high politics - the use of military power - attracts accusations of 'idealism'. Maybe
it is too much to expect law and institutions to govern or regulate the use of force in international relations,though it can be argued that legal issues are significant in shaping the debate. Whether a powerful State can take military action against another without the authority of the Security Council, is, for instance,both a political and a legal issue. Though the law may not be controlling, it can provide a counterbalance to political choice. The essays in this volume illustrate the profound differences that exist as to
the existence, role, and efficacy of collective security law.
Contents:
The Concept of Collective Security Law:
Martti Koskenniemi (1996) The Place of Law
in Collective
Security;
Hans J. Morgenthau (1946) Diplomacy;
J.L. Brierly (1946) The Covenant and the
Charter;
V.S. Mani (1995) The Role of Law and Legal
Considerations in
the Functioning of the United Nations.
Actors Within the United Nations: Powers
and Legitimacy:
David D. Caron (1993) The Legitimacy of the
Collective
Authority of the Security Council;
Keith Harper (1994) Does the United Nations
Security Council
have the Competence to Act as Court and
Legislature?;
Martti Koskenniemi (1995) The Police in the
Temple: Order,
Justice and the UN: A Dialectical View;
N.D. White (2000) The Legality of Bombing
in the Name of
Humanity;
Roberto Lavalle (1990) The 'Inherent'
Powers of the UN
Secretary-General in the Political Sphere:
A Legal Analysis;
Jose E. Alvarez (1996) Judging the Security
Council;
Dapo Akande (1996) The Role of the
International Court of
Justice in the Maintenance of International
Peace.
UN Collective Security Measures:
David M. Malone and Karin Wermester (2000)
Boom and Bust? The
Changing Nature of UN Peacekeeping;
W. Michael Reisman and Douglas L. Stevick
(1998) The
Applicability of International Law
Standards to United Nations
Economic Sanctions Programmes;
Colin Warbrick (1995) The United Nations
System: A Place for
Criminal Courts?;
Oscar Schachter (1991) United Nations Law
in the Gulf
Conflict;
Jules Lobel and Michael Ratner (1999)
Bypassing the Security
Council: Ambiguous Authorizations to Use
Force, Cease-Fires
and the Iraqi Inspection Regime.
Collective Security Outside the UN:
Bruno Simma (1999) NATO, The UN and the Use
of Force: Legal
Aspects;
Christian Walter (1997) Security Council
Control Over Regional
Action;
David O'Brien (2000) The Search for
Subsidiarity: The UN,
African Regional Organizations and
Humanitarian Action.
Name Index.